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Química 8
Introdução às Ciências Físico-Químicas
- General Chemistry Chapter Notes
- Chemistry Visualized
- CHEM101 Online Textbook!
- AUFBAU1: A teaching resource for 14-16 year old Chemistry students
- Web Resources to Accompany the Textbook "Fundamentals of Chemistry", by David E. Goldberg
- General Chemistry
- Chemie-Index (FU Berlin)
- ChemTeam: A Tutorial for High School Chemistry
- Chemistry Resources
- General Chemistry 1411-1412 Course Content
- Mark Rosen's Chemical Equilibrium Links
1. Nós e o Mundo Material
1.1. A Química e o Cidadão
Como trabalham os químicos
1.2. Os materiais e as suas transformações
- Models for Transportation and Deposition of Atmospheric Pllutants - Chemical transformations
- AUFBAU1 - Structure and Bonding
As transformações da matéria
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Matter
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - States of Matter
- Chemistry Visualized: General Chemistry - States of Matter
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Classifying Matter
Tipos de misturas
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Mixture
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Solution
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Mixtures and Pure Substances
- The Sciences Explorer - Density Experiment
1.3. Distinguir e separar substâncias
Como separar substâncias presentes numa mistura
2. Substâncias Químicas: O Que São?
2.1. Uma primeira «viagem ao interior» das substâncias
Estrutura corpuscular da matéria: sólidos, líquidos e gases
- Classification of matter into 3 states: solid, liquid and gas
- Chemistry ConcepTests - General Chemistry - States of Matter, Solids, Liquids, Gases, Colloids and Solutions
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Solid
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Liquid
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Gas
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Gas Laws
- Penn State York's Chem 12 - Concept of the Week: Liquids and Solids
- Web Resources to Accompany the Textbook "Fundamentals of Chemistry", by David E. Goldberg - Gases
- Web Resources to Accompany the Textbook "Fundamentals of Chemistry", by David E. Goldberg - Solids and Liquids
- CHEM101 Online Textbook: Gas - The Basics
- World of Chemistry - The Ideal Gas Laws
- World of Chemistry - Liquids and Solids
- CHEMystery: States of Matter
Temperatura e pressão
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry -Temperature
- Chemistry ConcepTests - General Chemistry - Thermochemistry
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Enthalpy
- Duran: Cool Stuff - What gives rise to gas pressure?
- World of Chemistry - Vapor Pressure
Átomos e seus agrupamentos
- Science 20: Science in Perspective - Chemistry - The Atom
- Chemistry ConcepTests - General Chemistry - Atoms, Molecules, Extended Structures and Stoichiometry
- The MathMol Hypermedia Textbook - Middle / High School - Structure of the Atom
- Chemistry ConcepTests - General Chemistry - Bonding and Structure
- Encyclopedia.com - Results for atom
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Atom
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Atomic Structure
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Our Picture of the Atom
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - The Bohr Model of the Atom
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Quantum Numbers and the Wave Mechanical Model of the Atom
- Web Resources to Accompany the Textbook "Fundamentals of Chemistry", by David E. Goldberg - Atoms and Atomic Masses
- CHEMystery: Atomic Structure and Bonding
- AUFBAU1 - Electronic Structures of Atoms
Átomos e moléculas
- University of Alberta: Introductory Chemistry I - Atoms and Molecules: Periodic Chart of the Elements
- University of Alberta: Introductory Chemistry I - Atoms and Molecules: The Chemical Nature of Atoms
- University of Alberta: Introductory Chemistry I - Atoms and Molecules: The Atomic Theory of Matter
- University of Alberta: Introductory Chemistry I - Atoms and Molecules: The Particles of Matter and John Dalton
- Chemistry Visualized: Physical Chemistry - Quantum Mechanics: Atoms
- Chemistry Visualized: Physical Chemistry - Quantum Mechanics: Molecules
- Chemistry Visualized: Physical Chemistry - Molecular Dynamics
- Chemistry Visualized: Physical Chemistry - Quantum Mechanics: Atomic Orbitals
- Chemistry Visualized: General Chemistry - Molecular Orbitals
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Molecule
- Carlton Comprehensive High School: Chemical Stuff - Atomic, molecular, and formula masses
- CHEM101 Online Textbook - Molecular Structures
- CHEM101 Online Textbook - The Shape of Molecules
- World of Chemistry - Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure
- CHEMystery: Atoms and Molecules
- AUFBAU1 - Chemical Calculations 1
- AUFBAU1 - Chemical Calculations 2
Substâncias: elementares e compostas
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Element
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Classifying Compounds
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Composition of Compounds
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Chemical Compounds Revisited
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Hydrates
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Moles and Compounds
- CHEM101 Online Textbook - Water, Solutions, and Electrolytes
Corpúsculos com carga eléctrica: iões
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Ion
- Chemistry ConcepTests - General Chemistry - Electronic Structure and Periodicity
- Chemistry ConcepTests - General Chemistry - Electrochemistry
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Solutions from Ionic Compounds
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Electricity
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Standard Enthalpies of Formation and Reaction
- CHEM101 Online Textbook - Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
- World of Chemistry - Common Ion Effect And Solubility
- CHEMystery: Electrochemistry
2.3. Símbolos e fórmulas químicas
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Formula
- Web Resources to Accompany the Textbook "Fundamentals of Chemistry", by David E. Goldberg - Nomenclature
- Web Resources to Accompany the Textbook "Fundamentals of Chemistry", by David E. Goldberg - How to Write Chemical Formulas
- CHEM101 Online Textbook - Naming Compounds
- World of Chemistry - Types of Chemical Formulas
- CHEMystery: Introduction to Chemistry
- CHEMystery: Chemical Reactions
Símbolos para os átomos
Símbolos para as moléculas e fórmulas químicas
Símbolos para iões e fórmulas químicas
3. Substâncias Químicas: Como se Transformam?
3.1. Transformar uma substância noutras
Transformações por aquecimento
- University of Alberta: Introductory Chemistry I - From Heat to Enthalpy: Enthalpies of Substances
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Heat
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Heat Capacity
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - A Physics / Engineering View of Heat
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Heat
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Heats of Chemical Reactions
- World of Chemistry - Calorimetry
Transformações por efeito da electricidade
Transformações por efeito da luz
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Light
- Chemistry Visualized: Physical Chemistry - Quantum Mechanics: Vision, Light, and Energy Levels
3.2. Transformar duas ou mais substâncias noutras
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Solutions from Ionic Compounds
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Reactions in Solutions
Transformações por simples junção de substâncias
Transformações por junção de substâncias e energia
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Energy diagrams, a deeper look
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Work and engines
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Thermochemistry: Introduction
3.3. Investigar a massa e a temperatura nas reacções químicas
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Chemical Reactions
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - How Does a Reaction Happen
- Chemistry Tutor - Chemical Reactions
- Web Resources to Accompany the Textbook "Fundamentals of Chemistry", by David E. Goldberg - Formula Calculations
- Web Resources to Accompany the Textbook "Fundamentals of Chemistry", by David E. Goldberg - Chemical Reactions
Conservação da massa: Lei de Lavoisier
Equações químicas
- Advanced Chemical Topics - Types of Equations
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Chemical Reactions
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Further Comments on Equations
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - The Concept of Net Reaction
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Chemical Equilibrium
- CHEM101 Online Textbook - Chemical Bonding: An Overview of Bonding
- World of Chemistry - Equations, Formulas, and Stoichiometry
- World of Chemistry - Introduction To Molecular Equilibrium
- World of Chemistry - Standard Molar Entropy
- AUFBAU1 - Chemical Equations 1
- AUFBAU1 - Chemical Equations 2
Variação de temperatura e conservação da energia
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - The Law of Conservation of Energy
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Energy
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Greenhouse Effect
- World of Chemistry - Sources of Energy
- World of Chemistry - Relationship Between Energy And Matter
- CHEMystery: Energy
- CHEMystery: Thermodynamics
- AUFBAU1 - Chemical Energetics 1
- AUFBAU1 - Chemical Energetics 2
3.4. Investigar a rapidez das reacções químicas
- Chemistry and the Environment - The Speed of Chemical Reactions
- World of Chemistry - Chemical Rate Kinetics
- World of Chemistry - Effects of External Stress On Equilibria-LeChatelier's Principle
- World of Chemistry - Kinetic Rate Law
- World of Chemistry - Collisional Theory Of Reaction Rates
- World of Chemistry - Theory of Reaction Mechanisms
- AUFBAU1 - Rates of Reactions 1
- AUFBAU1 - Rates of Reactions 2
Efeito da concentração
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Concentration
- World of Chemistry - Ways of Expressing Concentration of a Solution
- World of Chemistry - Determining Equilibrium Concentrations with Kc or Equilibrium Pressures with Kp
- World of Chemistry - Molarity Concentration
- World of Chemistry - Determining Equilibrium concentrations
Efeito da temperatura
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Temperature
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - More on Thermal Energy
- World of Chemistry - Temperature Effect on Reaction Rates
Efeito da superfície de contacto
Efeito da luz ...
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Light
- Chemistry Visualized: Physical Chemistry - Quantum Mechanics: Vision, Light, and Energy Levels
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter
Efeito de catalisadores
4. Transformações Químicas e o Mundo à Nossa Volta
4.1. Reacções de precipitação
- Chemical Reactions - Precipitation Reactions
- CHEM101 Online Textbook - Precipitation Reactions
- Chemical Reactions and Solutions - Precipitation Reactions
- World of Chemistry - Precipitations In Chemical Reactions
- AUFBAU1 - Metals: Precipitation Reactions
Sais muito solúveis e sais pouco solúveis em água
- University of Florida: General Chemistry Homepage - Solutions from Ionic Compounds
- World of Chemistry - Solutions and Chemical Reactions
- AUFBAU1 - Formulae and Solubilities of Salts
- CHEMystery: Table of Solubilities in Water
- CHEMystery: Reference
4.2. Reacções de ácido-base
- ChemTeam: Acid Base
- Chemistry ConcepTests - General Chemistry - Chemical Reactions, Acid-Base, Redox, Precipitation
- Infoplease Encyclopedia Entry - Acids and Bases
- Organic Chemistry Online - Acids & Bases
- ChemTeam: Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
- CHEM101 Online Textbook - Equilibrium And Acids: Acid-Base Basics
- CHEM101 Online Textbook - Equilibrium And Acids: Misc Facts About Acids-Bases
- CHEM101 Online Textbook - Equilibrium And Acids: More Misc Facts About Acids And Bases
- Northern Minnesota Collaborative Chemistry Site - Acids & Bases
- Web Resources to Accompany the Textbook "Fundamentals of Chemistry", by David E. Goldberg - Acid-Base Theory
- CHEM101 Online Textbook - Acid/Base Reactions
- CHEM101 Online Textbook - Equilibrium And Acids: Acid-Base Basics
- Chemistry 145 (Van Bramer) - Solving an acid base problem
- World of Chemistry - Acids, Bases, and Salts-Ionic Equilibria
- CHEMystery: Acids and Bases
- AUFBAU1 - Acids and bases 1
- AUFBAU1 - Acids and bases 2
Ácidos e bases à nossa volta
Indicadores de ácido-base e escala de pH
